![]() Flow Lines: Flow lines describe how a product moves (through the system) from one workstation to the next in order of the processing requirements.Mass production involves the following manufacturing process arrangements: Because of the steadiness and volume of demand, the production system tends to be capital-intensive and highly repetitive, with specialized equipment and limited labor skills. In other words, mass production is used to produce a large number of standardized products for the mass market.Īs the products are made to stock for a mass market, mass production is characterized by stable demand and high product volume. Mass production is used by producers who create more standardized products in larger quantities. For example, highway projects undertaken by construction organizations are different in terms of scope, time involved, and requirement of resources as compared to any other product development project undertaken by an organization. ![]() For example, a market survey project involves fewer activities compared to a new airport construction project.Īs every project has a unique goal, it intends to serve some specific objectives of an organization. However, the number of activities and tasks involved in a project depends on the nature and scope of the project. Thus, a project involves numerous activities and tasks that need to be executed to achieve the objectives of the project. For example, the activity of designing questionnaires may involve tasks such as performing research on the suitability of various types of questionnaires, finalizing the questions, inserting the questions in the Word processor, getting the questionnaires printed, etc. These activities can further be divided into tasks. This project may include functions such as defining the sample group, determining the sample size, designing a questionnaire, getting the questionnaire filled by the target customers, taking personal interviews (if applicable), analyzing the feedback of customers, making a report, etc. Let us take the example of the customer survey project mentioned earlier. Irrespective of the type, all projects consist of several activities. They can be classified based on various parameters, such as size (small, medium, and large), level of complexity (easy, moderate, and complex), location (national or international), nature (industrial or non-industrial), and industry segments (cement projects, telecommunication projects, refinery projects, steel projects, and fertilizer projects). Projects can be small or large, simple or complex. It has a specific goal of determining the causes behind the decline in its sales. This survey, which is a non-routine activity, is an example of a project. ![]() For example, if an organization wants to find out the causes of the decline in its sales, it may survey to collect customer feedback and determine the reasons for such decline. Moreover, it involves a large investment of funds and resources to produce custom orders.Ī project is a non-routine activity conducted by organizations and individuals to achieve specific goals.
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